Machine



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

O. C. BURDICT.

BOLT PORGING MACHINE.

Patented Oct. 2, 1883.

INQTENTOR WITNESSES I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

0. G. BURDIGT.

BOLT PORGING MAOHINE.

Patented Oct. 2, 1883 INVENTOR @MQZM /%m WITNESSES 'and shoulder.

men.

ORRIN O. BUBDICT, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

BOLT-FORGING MACHl NE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 285,8. 6, dated October 2, 1883.

Application filed March .37, 1883. (No model.)

To to 1071,0722, it inlay concern Be it known that I, ORRIN CLARK BUR- DICT, of Buffalo, in the county of Eric and State of New York, have made an invention of certain new and useful Improvements in Bolt-Forging Machines; and I do hereby dc clare that the following, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description and specification of the same.

This invention relates to the forging of the heads and angular shoulders ofromid-stemmed bolts, commonly called carriage bolts. Previous to this invention, so far as I know, such bolts have been generally forged in the following modes: According to onemode boltblanks have been forged from square rods by reducing a portion of each blank to the round form for the stem. This mode produces a bolt with the sides of the square shoulder of the full size of the diameterof the round stem, but it is exceeding costly. Another mode is to use round rods of the size of the stem, and to form the shoulder by driving endwise or upsetting the end of the rod while it is clamped in dies which are partly angular and partly round, with the round portions materially smaller in diameter than the round rod employed. This mode, although comparatively inexpensive, produces abolt-blank with an angular shoulder of scant or insufficient dimensions and with the rounded stem reduced in diameter beneath the shoulder; hence the bolts are objectionable for many purposes. Another mode of forging carriage-bolts from round bolt-blanks is to produce the angular shoulder from round bolt-blanks by a succession of operations upon it, the metal to form the shoulder being thickened at one operation, and being forged to its square form by a succeeding operation. This mode produces roundstemmed bolt-blanks having angular shoulders whose sides are the full size of the diameter of the round stem; but the mode is comparatively costly, because of the necessity of handling and operating upon the bolt-blank at least twice for the formation of thehead Another objection to the ordinary modes of forging the heads and square shoulders of round-stemmed bolt-blanks is that they do not result in the production of blanks of practically uniform length, because the III blanks slip unequally between the dies while the heads and shoulders are being formed by the endwise driving of the metal, technically termed upsetting.

The principal objects of the present invention are to forge the head and shoulder of a carriage-bolt at a single operation, and with the sides of the square shoulder of the full size of the diameter of the round stem, and also to make the bolts, when forged, of practically uniform length from the under side of the head to the-point of the stem, notwithstanding small irregularities in the lengths and diameters of the round blanks used. for the purpose, and irregularities in the presentation of the blanks to the machine.

To these ends the invention consists of certain combinations of m echanical devices which are recited in detail at the close of this specification. In order that these combinations may be fully understood, I have represented in the accompanying drawings, and will proceed to describe, a machine embodying them in the best form which Ihave thus far devised for the purpose, it being understood that the plan of the said machine with some parts re moved. Fig. 2 represents a vertical trans- :verse section of the same, at the line a; w of Fig. 11, viewed from the back end.

Fi 3 rep resents a corresponding section, at the line ;1 of Fig. 1, viewed from the front end. Figs. 4 to 8, inclusive, represent views of detached parts of the said machine, designated by the same letters of reference as the same parts in the other figures.

The various moving parts of the machine are secured to or connected with astrong bedframe, A. The devices which operate directly upon the bolt-blank for forging its angular shoulder and head are the dies B B, theheading-tool O, and the stop D. The dies B B are blocks of metal (steel by preference) whose adj a cent faces contain cavities a a, Figs. 7 and 8, each of which is partly angular and partly semi-cyl indrical, and is the counterpart of half of the part of the forged belt which is to be produced in the dies, the dies being thus divided dies whose adjacent faces can be separated to receive the bolt-blank and to discharge it, but are held together during the forging, so as to form a matrix for the bolt. One of these'dies,B,is by preference made stationary by being secured to the frame by means of a clamp, 12. The other die, B, is movable toward and from the stationary or fixed dieB, and for this purpose the said movable die is, by preference,secured by means of a clamp, b, to a swinging dieholder, E, which is pivoted at its lower end 'or shank to the frame A of the machine. In order that this movable die B may be moved I toward the fixed die B, and may be held in its proper positions, a slide, F, is provided, which is fitted to slide in a guide-box, G, with its rear end, (I, within therange of motion of the die-cam H, which is secured to and revolves with the driving-shaft J of the machine. The

- ing die-holder E swings, and this die -holder head.

and the movable die B are therefore forced toward the fixed die B. When the form of the cam H permits the slide F to retrograde, this slide is retrograded by a spring, a, Fig. 4, which is contained in a cavity within the slide, and as the retrogression of the slide permits the toggle to relieve the swinging dieholder E, that die-holder and the movable die B are moved away from the fixed die B by a spring, f, thereby leaving the faces of the dies separated or open for .the entrance of a bolt-blank.

The heading-tool O is arranged endwise opposite the cavity of the dies B B when they are closed. Its head has a cavity in it which is the counterpart'of the bolt-head to be forged, the form of bolt-head being by preference that shown in Fig. 9, and known as a beveled The shank of this heading-tool is secured in the header-slide K, which is constructed to move in guides secured to the frame of the machine, and in directions endwise totion. In order that the heading-tool and its slide may be thus moved, the latter is connected by a connecting-rod or pitman, L, with the cranked portion of the driving-shaft J The position of the bolt-blank when in the dies and-during the forging operation is determined by the stop D, which is held axially of the cavity of the dies in a socket formed in the frame of the machine, its shank m being made movable endwise in its socket, and is connected by a lever, L, with a spring, N,

Fig. 5, which, acting through the interven- N, may be'retracted sufficiently when the boliblank is inserted between the dies, the connecting-rod M is connected with an elbow-lever, 0, which is pivoted to the frame of the maehine,-with the end ofits shorter arm within the range of motion of the projecting rim of a cam, I, which is secured to the driving shaft J, so that the stop may be retracted in its socket when the bolt-blank is being entered in the dic-cavities. The spring and cam above described constitute the devices for moving the stop, so that it may operate as an. ejector for the forged bolt.

In the said machine the bolt-blank to be forgedis entered between the dies, from above them, while they are open, by reason. of the movable die B being drawn sidewise away from the fixed die B, and while the heading tool 0 is drawn backward in the machine. In order that the bolt-blanks may in succession be properly and automatically applied to the dies when they are open, the feeder B is provided. This feeder is arranged to move between the dies at one side and the headingtool at its opposite side, and it has by preference the form and construction represented in the drawings, being a swinging nippers having two jaws, n and n. One of these feederjaws, n, has a shank, n", which is fitted to swing up and down upon a pivot secured to the frame A. The other feeder-j aw, n, has a lever-shank, 'n, which is connected by a pivot With the first feeder jaw, 12, and this levershank is extended above the pivot and is fitted with a pin, a, by operating on which the said upward and downward in the machine by means of a rock-shaft, S, which is fitted to rock in bearin gs j j, secured'to the frame of the machine. This rock-shaft has an arm, 70, which is slotted as its end to receive a pivot extending from the swinging feeder-shank n", so that when the said shaft is rocked in one direction the feeder R is raisednntil the notches of its jaws n n are above the dies B B, and when the rock-shaft is rocked in the reverse direc-' ITO tion the feeder is lowered until the notches of its jaws are opposite the cavity of the dies in front of the feeder and the end of the headingtool in its rear. The rock-shaft S receives its rocking movement by preference from the slide K of the heading-tool. For this purpose the feeder rock-shaft is constructed with a barrel, 10, which is slotted longitudinally with a helical groove, w, Fig. 6, in which a pin, 1', secured to the slide K of the heading-tool, is constructed to slide. The groove is of such form that when the heading-tool retrogrades in the machine the.

feeder is depressed to its lowest position, and it pauses or remains there until the dies are closed sufficiently to hold the bolt-blank, and while the heading-tool is moved toward the dies the feeder is raised to its highest position, and it pauses or remains there until the boltblank is inserted into the notches of its jaws by an attendant. The two pauses above mentioned in the operation of the feeder are obtained in part by constructing the end portions of the spiral groove 00 straight or parallel with the movement of the pin 1', which engages in it, and in part by the slow movement of the heading-tool when its crank is passing centers.

In order that the leederjaws, when raised, may be opened to receive the bolt-blank and may'close upon the blank as they commence to descend, a fixed cam, T, is secured to the frame of the machine, with its cam protuberance t within the range of movement of the pin 02*, projecting from the lever-shank of the movable feeder-j aw n, so that when the feeder is raised the cam protuberance operates upon the said pin a and compels the movable jaw 01/ to separate from the fixed jaw n sufliciently to admit the bolt-blank. provided to move the movable feeder-jaw in the 10"6].'SG direction when by the lowering of the feeder the pin or leaves the cam protuberance I, thus causing the feedeigiaw to close upon and hold the blank with a yielding pressure. \Vhen the blank has beenseized by the dies this same spring permits the movable feeder-jaw n to separate from the fixed jaw n as the feeder is moved upward, and to leave the bolt-blank in the grasp of the dies.

In order that the attendant may readily en ter the bolt-blank endwise into the notches of the feeder-jaws, the clamp b, which holds one of the dies, is formed with a notched end, so that the adjacent ends of the die-clamps b 6 form a feed-guide, by which the bolt blank may be readily guided into the notches of the feeder 1t when it is raised.

hen the machine isto be operated, the stop I) is so adjusted that when it is retracted in its socket to the farthest extent the distance between its acting end and the rear sides of the dies is equal to the length of the forged bolt-blank from its point to the under side of its head. The bolt-blanks are cut from round iron of the size of the round stem required, and so long that each contains alittle more than sufficient material to form the round stem, the square shoulder, and the head. The bolt-blanks are highly heated, are picked up with tongs, and are entered, one at a time, through the guide I) 0, into the feeder R, when it is raised and while the dies are closed, care being taken to so apply each blank to the feeder that the end of the blank nearest the front end of the machine is nearer the back of the machine than the position of the end 'of the stop I) when it is in its retracted position. Then as the drivingshaft J revolves the headingtool is drawn backward, the jaws of A spring, f also is the feeder close upon and grasp the blank, the dies open, the feeder descends between. the dies and headingtool and carries the blank downward between the faces of the dies to the cavities thereof, the dies close upon the blank, the headingtool is driven endwise toward the rear end of the blank, the feeder R is raised and its jaws slip from the blank as the heading tool approaches it, so that the feeder is out of the way of said tool, and the headingtool advances against the end of the bolt-blank pro truding from the die-cavities. As the stop 1) prevents the bolt-blank from slipping more than. a certain distance endwise between the dies and then forms a firm abutment for the bolt-blank, the whole of the portion of the blank rearward of the round parts of the diecavities cannot escape the action of the head ing-tool (l, which, in .its continued advance, upsets and thickens the heated metal suffi ciently to form a full square shoulder and a full bolt-head, the surplusmaterial, if any, escaping between the rim of the heading-tool and the rear sides of the dies in the form of a fin, which can be dressed off after the boltblank is cold. As each bolt-blank during the forging of its head and shoulder has its point sustained by the stop D at the same distance from the rear faces of the dies B B, against which the under side of the head of the bolt is formed, the lengths of all the bolt-stems from their heads to their points must of necessity be practically the same.

After the operation of forging is completed the heading-tool is witlul-rawu, the dies relax their grasp upon the bolt, and the stop D is forced forward by the spring N, so as to loosen the bolt. from the dies, (in caseit adheres to one of them,) and as the dies open the forged bolt drops through a cavity in the frame of the machine. Meanwhile the suc ceeding bolt-blank has been introduced into the raised feeder R by the attendant, so that it is operated upon in turn.

I find it expedient to make the round portions of the cavities of the dies 13 13 no smaller in diameter than the round iron employed for closed upon blanks, so that when the dies are the blank they cannot grip it so tightly as to prevent it from slipping en dwise between them (under the action of the heading-tool) until the end of the blank brings up against the stop D. I have also found it expedient to construct the closing grade 8, Fig. 4, of the die-ca1n H of such eccentricity that the dies are not fully closed until the headingtool has pushed the bolt-blank up to the stop I); or, if the die-cam be constructed and set so as to close the dies fully before the heading-tool is advanced suffici ently to push the bolt blank against the stop, the round portions of the cavities of the dies should be made slightly larger transversely than the bolt-blank, between them when first acted upon by the heading-tool, and may be pushed between the dies until its point is against the stop. lalso find it expedient to construct the opening so that the latter may slip TOO IIO

NVhen the combination of dies, stop, and

. heading-tool above described is employed to forge angular shouldered bolt-blanks with long round stems, the dies need not extend the wholelength of the stem of the bolt-blank.

The use of the automatic feeder is attended with great advantages, because the bolt-blank may be inserted in it while the preceding bolt is being forged in the dies, and ample time for such insertion may be afforded by a pause of the movement of the feeder when in its raised position; hence the machine may be fed with V certainty when it is running at a much greater speed than would be practicable if the feeding had to be done by hand directly into the cavities of the dies, and the dies had to remain open long enough for that purpose, the practical difference being the production of a largely-increased number of forged bolts, as compared with the production by machines in which the blanks are fed by hand directly to the dies. y

In order that the machine may be driven by a belt, a belt-pulley is secured to one projecting end of the driving-shaft, and a fiy-wheel is secured to the opposite projecting end of said shaft; 7

The arrangement of the feeder so that it opcrates between the dies and the heading-tool is important, because when it is constructed to operate in this relationship to the other devices it can take hold of the bolt-blank by the part corresponding with the neck or shoulder of the forged bolt. Thisrelationship therefore enables the machine to be employed for the manufacture of bolts so short that their stems are wholly received within the cavities of the dies.

dies which can be separated to receive the bolt-blank between them by a lateral movement of it, and to relax their grasp upon the bolt-blank for its discharge. Machines for making rivets and screw-blanks, containing devices corresponding with some of those employed by me,have heretofore been constructed with solid dies of circular section; but such dies cannot be successfully used for the forging of angular-shouldered bolt-blanks, and are objectionable, because, if the iron should be strongly upset in such a die, great force would be required to eject the headed bolt-blank, the' grasp upon which would not be relaxed.

Moreover, as solid dies do not open to receive and to discharge the article on which they operate by a lateral movement of it, the entrance and discharge of the article require it to be moved longitudinally a distance equal to the length of its stem, and the devices of the machine containing such solid dies have to be moved correspondingly; hence such solid dies are not the equivalents of the divided boltdies I described by me, and I do not claim such solid dies,either separately or in combination with other devices.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of the divided bolt-dies, the headingtool, and the automatic feeder, the relationship of these devices being, as described, that the feeder operates between said dies and said heading-tool.

- 2. The combination, substantially asbefore set forth, of the bolt-dies, theheading-tool, the automatic feeder, and the stop which limits the distance to which the blank may be moved between the dies by the heading-tool. from the position in which it is fed to said dies by the feeder.

In witness whereof Ihave hereto set my hand this 20th day of March, A. D. 1883.

- ORRIN CLARK BURDIGT.

Vitnesses:

P. B. PURTIS, It. L. HOWARD. 

